Starting a business in Ubon Ratchathani
From a market stall to a foreign-invested company, doing business legally in Ubon Ratchathani starts with the Department of Business Development and, for some ventures, a licence beyond it.
Choosing a structure
- Sole proprietorship — simplest, but the owner is personally liable for everything; fine for a genuinely small local operation.
- Ordinary or registered partnership — used less often than a company, with partners generally sharing personal liability.
- Private limited company — the standard vehicle for anything beyond the smallest operation, giving shareholders limited liability, and now formable with as few as two shareholders after a recent change to the company-law minimum.
- BOI-promoted company — for activities the Board of Investment wants to encourage, promotion can unlock majority or full foreign ownership, tax incentives and a smoother path to work permits for foreign staff.
The Ubon Ratchathani angle
As the administrative centre of the 'Emerald Triangle' corner of Thailand, Ubon's courts and lawyers see steady cross-border trade, family and land matters involving Lao connections.
Foreign ownership
The Foreign Business Act restricts many service, retail and other activities to majority-Thai ownership unless the business obtains a Foreign Business Licence, qualifies under BOI promotion, or falls under a treaty exception. Structuring around this with nominee Thai shareholders who hold shares only on paper is illegal and actively investigated — the honest routes are a genuine Thai majority partner, a licence, or BOI promotion. See for foreigners for how this sits alongside the land-ownership rules.
Registration steps
- Reserve a company name and prepare the memorandum of association.
- Register the company at the Department of Business Development's Ubon Ratchathani provincial branch, or online, with the required shareholder and director documents.
- Obtain a tax ID, and register for VAT once turnover crosses the statutory threshold — verify the current figure.
- Register for Social Security once you hire any employee — see employment law.
Licences beyond registration
Company registration is only the base layer. Many activities need an additional licence on top: a restaurant or food business typically needs local sanitation approval from the municipality, an alcohol licence sits with the Excise Department, certain trades need professional or industry-specific permits. Check with the Ubon Ratchathani municipal or district office and the relevant ministry for your specific activity before opening rather than after.
Premises, contracts and staff
A commercial lease should be reviewed before signing — see property & land and renting & tenancy for the general rules a business premises lease still sits within. Once you hire staff, the Labour Protection Act floor on wages, hours and severance applies from the first employee — see employment law. If a customer or supplier dispute arises, most small commercial claims can use the same small claims track available to individuals.
For deeper guides across every area of Thai law, see our companion site Anglo Siam Law.